Photovoltaic power generation refers to a new type of energy generation that utilizes the photoelectric properties of photovoltaic materials to convert the irradiated energy of light into electrical energy (direct current), and then feeds it into the three-phase AC power grid through an inverter. Unlike the high power of large-scale photovoltaic power stations, household photovoltaic power generation refers to placing photovoltaic panels on the top floor or in the courtyard of a family residence, using low-power or micro-inverters, directly utilizing new energy, and also incorporating excess electricity into the power grid. Household photovoltaic power belongs to the category of distributed photovoltaic power.

Household photovoltaic power generation is a distributed power generation system that directly converts solar energy into electricity. It follows the principles of generating electricity nearby, connecting to the grid nearby, converting nearby, and using nearby. Its advantages and disadvantages include:

Advantages

a. Reducing losses and costs: Photovoltaic power sources are on the user side, generating electricity to supply local loads and treating them as loads. This can effectively reduce reliance on grid power supply, lower line losses, and save users' electricity costs. Surplus power fed to the grid or full power fed to the grid can generate profits.

b. Low threshold: The construction threshold is low, making full use of existing buildings. Photovoltaic cells can be used as building materials simultaneously, effectively reducing the land occupation of photovoltaic power stations.

c. Independent operation: Effective interfaces with smart grids and microgrids, flexible operation, and the ability to operate independently from the power grid under appropriate conditions.

d. Green and environmentally friendly: Installing photovoltaic power stations on rooftops not only achieves the effects of heat insulation and cooling as well as aesthetic appeal, but also generates green income.

Disadvantages

A. Frequent component replacement: The direction of the power flow in the distribution network changes in a timely manner. Going against the power flow leads to additional losses, and all related protections need to be readjutted. Transformer tap changer needs to be constantly changed, among other issues.

b. Power control is difficult: There are difficulties in voltage and reactive power regulation. After the connection of large-capacity photovoltaic systems, there are technical challenges in controlling the power factor, and short-circuit power will also increase.

c. Increased management difficulty: It is necessary to have an energy management system at the distribution network level to uniformly manage the load in the case of large-scale photovoltaic access. It provides new requirements for secondary equipment and communication, increasing the complexity of the system.

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